How does STZ induced diabetes?
Diabetes is induced by streptozotocin (STZ), a glucosamine–nitrosourea compound derived from Streptomyces achromogenes that is used clinically as a chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of pancreatic β cell carcinoma. STZ damages pancreatic β cells, resulting in hypoinsulinemia and hyperglycemia.
What is Hypo Insulinemia?
Hyperinsulinemia (hi-pur-in-suh-lih-NEE-me-uh) means the amount of insulin in your blood is higher than what’s considered normal. Alone, it isn’t diabetes. But hyperinsulinemia is often associated with type 2 diabetes. Insulin is a hormone that’s normally produced by your pancreas, which helps regulate blood sugar.
How do you induce hyperglycemia in mice?
To induce diabetes, animals of both sexes received daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of STZ for 5 consecutive days at 55 mg/kg BW (a dose that is known to induce diabetes in male mice) or for females, 75 mg/kg BW of STZ.
What drug induces hyperglycemia in experimental animals?
Alloxan, a well- known diabetogenic agent is widely used to induce type 2 diabetes in animals [22]. The drug and its reduction product dialuric acid establish a redox cycle with the formation of superoxide radicals. These radicals undergo dismutation to hydrogen peroxide.
What causes Insulinemia?
Hyperinsulinemia is most often caused by insulin resistance — a condition in which your body doesn’t respond well to the effects of insulin. Your pancreas tries to compensate by making more insulin. Insulin resistance may eventually lead to the development of type 2 diabetes.
What causes hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia?
Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia describes the condition and effects of low blood glucose caused by excessive insulin. Hypoglycemia due to excess insulin is the most common type of serious hypoglycemia. It can be due to endogenous or injected insulin.
Which animal is used for insulin induced hypoglycemia?
Although rats and mice are the most commonly used models for studies of type 2 diabetes, other rodents have also been identified as useful models.
Which drug is used to produced experimental diabetes?
Alloxan and streptozotocin are the two agents most widely used to induce experimental diabetes.
How does streptozotocin induce diabetes in mice?
Alternate Protocol : INDUCTION OF TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS IN MICE USING A SINGLE, HIGH DOSE OF STREPTOZOTOCIN. A single, high dose of STZ (200 mg/kg) is directly toxic to pancreatic β-cells, rapidly causing diabetes, with blood glucose concentrations of >500 mg/dl within 48 hr (Like & Rossini, 1976).
What is Insulinemia?
Insulin is an important hormone that regulates metabolism, growth, proliferation and differentiation. The release of this hormone, by the pancreas, is enhanced at postprandial state, when the nutrients are abundant in the circulation, increasing its blood concentration (insulinemia).
How is hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia diagnosed?
The main clinical application of plasma insulin assay is for the diagnosis of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia.
How does hyperglycemia affect heart rate in STZ rats?
In STZ rats, the 8-day period of hyperglycemia resulted in a significant increase of MABP (from 110 ± 2 to 122 ± 3 mmHg, P < 0.01) and heart rate (from 392 ± 14 to 482 ± 18 bpm, P < 0.01).
What is the best model for STZ-induced diabetes?
The most widely used STZ-induced diabetic model is elicited in mice. Multiple administrations of low-dose STZ are employed to produce diabetic mice. This model has three major advantages. Firstly, it closely resembles human type 1 diabetes with chronic pancreatic islet inflammation, insulitis, and insulin deficiency.
Is streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic?
Streptozotocin (STZ)-Induced Diabetic Model. The diabetogenic effects are due to the selective destruction of pancreatic islet β-cells, resulting in insulin deficiency, hyperglycemia, polydipsia, and polyuria, all of which mimic human type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Can ALX be replaced by STZ for induction of diabetes in laboratory animals?
Therefore, ALX is mow almost replaced by STZ for induction of diabetes in laboratory animals. The most widely used STZ-induced diabetic model is elicited in mice. Multiple administrations of low-dose STZ are employed to produce diabetic mice.