What is the difference between Exospore and endospore?
Endospore is the common type of spores produced mainly by bacteria. Exospores are produced in the eukaryotic cells of fungi, algae and cyanobacteria. Endospores are formed inside the mother cell, whereas, exospores are formed towards the end of the mother cell and released as bud.
What is the structure of endospore?
Structure Of Endospores Endospores have a unique cellular structure. It is surrounded by an outer covering which is proteinaceous. This coating provides enzymatic and chemical resistance to the spore. It is lined by a thick inner layer consisting of specialized peptidoglycan which forms the cortex.
How do endospores protect bacteria from UV light?
Small acid-soluble proteins (SASPs) are also only found in endospores. These proteins tightly bind and condense the DNA, and are in part responsible for resistance to UV light and DNA-damaging chemicals.
What does exospore mean?
Definition of exospore : an asexual spore cut off from a parent sporophore by the formation of septa.
What is the function of an exospore?
Exospore is another resistant bacteria produced mainly by fungi and algae to reproduce under unfavorable conditions. Exospores develop from the end of the mother cell by cell division. The separation of the exospore occurs by the formation of a septum between the mother and the daughter cell.
What is the role of the endospore structure?
It allows the bacterium to produce a dormant and highly resistant cell to preserve the cell’s genetic material in times of extreme stress. Endospores can survive environmental assaults that would normally kill the bacterium.
What is the function of endospore?
The primary function of a bacterial endospore is to ensure the survival of a bacteria during harsh environmental conditions. These could be overpopulation, nutrient deficiency, or unfavorable climatic conditions.
Why are endospores not affected by UV light?
What is the function of Exospore?
What is the difference between Akinetes and endospores?
Akinetes are whole cells filled with food, whereas endospores are bodies produced inside of cells.
What are the two main functions of endospores?
They also function as a carbon and energy source for the development of a vegetative bacterium during germination. The cortex may osmotically remove water from the interior of the endospore and the dehydration that results is thought to be very important in the endospore’s resistance to heat and radiation.
Why are endospores formed?
Endospore formation is usually triggered by a lack of nutrients; it is a stripped-down, dormant form to which the bacterium can reduce itself. The endospore consists of the bacterium’s deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribosomes, and large amounts of dipicolinic acid.
What is the function of an endospore?
What is the function of bacterial endospores? The primary function of a bacterial endospore is to ensure the survival of a bacteria during harsh environmental conditions. These could be overpopulation, nutrient deficiency, or unfavorable climatic conditions.
Are endospores killed by UV?
Bacterial endospores, of the type by Bacillus and Clostridium species, are known to be highly resistant to various forms of radiation and other physical and chemical agents. High-intensity ultraviolet light, however, was suspected to overcome such resistance and to kill spores efficiently.
Why are spores resistant to UV light?
The increasing UV resistance in spores is primarily because of difference in the UV photochemistry of DNA in spores, and the efficient and relatively infallible repair of the novel photoproduct formed by UV light in spore DNA (Nicholson et al., 2000). …
What type of bacteria produce endospores?
Endospores are dormant alternate life forms produced by a few genera of bacteria. The genus Bacillus (an obligate aerobe often living in the soil) and the genus Clostridium (an obligate anaerobe living in the gastrointestinal tract of animals) produce endospores.
What is the function of exospore?
What do u mean by akinete?
Definition of akinete in certain algae. : a thick-walled single-celled nonmotile asexual resting spore formed by the thickening of the parent cell wall, corresponding to the chlamydospore of many fungi, and usually germinating directly into a new filament — see aplanospore.
What is the difference between endospores and akinetes?
Akinetes are nonmotile cells that differentiate from vegetative cells and serve a perennation role, but in contrast to bacterial endospores are not heat resistant. During akinete differentiation, the cellular structure changes dramatically.
In addition, it consists of exosporium which is an outer layer consisting of a glycoprotein. Bacterial endospores can be visualized using a differential stain called the endospores stain. Endospores can form in the terminal, subterminal and central regions of vegetative cells. These spores are metabolically inactive and highly resistant.
What are akinetes made of?
An akinete is an enveloped, thick-walled, non-motile, dormant cell formed by filamentous, heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria under the order Nostocales and Stigonematales. Akinetes are resistant to cold and desiccation.
How do akinetes develop?
Akinetes usually develop in strings with each cell differentiating after another and this occurs next to heterocysts if they are present. Development usually occurs during stationary phase and is triggered by unfavorable conditions such as insufficient light or nutrients, temperature, and saline levels in the environment.