What is an orbital pseudotumor?
Orbital pseudotumor is the swelling of tissue behind the eye in an area called the orbit. The orbit is the hollow space in the skull where the eye sits. The orbit protects the eyeball and the muscles and tissue that surround it. Orbital pseudotumor does not spread to other tissues or places in the body.
How common is orbital pseudotumor?
After Graves’ disease and lymphoproliferative disorders, orbital pseudotumor is the 3rd most common ophthalmologic disease of the orbit and account for approximately 8-11% of all the orbital tumors.
Is orbital pseudotumor an autoimmune disease?
]. Orbital pseudotumor is an idiopathic condition of inflammation associated with many inflammatory and autoimmune conditions such as IgG4-related disease that can involve the extraocular muscles, lacrimal gland, other orbital structures and tissue.
What causes orbital inflammatory syndrome?
Differential Diagnosis 9 Thyroid eye disease is the most common cause of orbital inflammation in adults and has been found to account for nearly 60% of cases of orbital inflammation in the 21-60 year old age group. Orbital cellulitis risk factors include history of sinusitis, dental work/disease, or trauma.
What causes pseudotumor?
Pseudotumor cerebri literally means “false brain tumor.” It is likely due to high pressure within the skull caused by the buildup or poor absorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The disorder is most common in women between the ages of 20 and 50.
How is orbital pseudotumor treated?
Treatments. Orbital pseudotumor will respond rapidly to high-dose steroid therapy. Unfortunately, when the steroids are stopped, the inflammation often returns. Eye cancer specialists must reduce the steroid medication very slowly in order to prevent recurrence (return) of the disease.
What is an inflammatory pseudotumor?
Inflammatory pseudotumors (IPTs) are rare, well-circumscribed, unencapsulated, quasi-neoplastic tumors of unregulated growth of inflammatory cells, first recognized by Umiker and Iverson.
Is orbital pseudotumor cancerous?
Inflammations can affect the tissues around the eye (orbit and adnexa). Certain orbital inflammations can look like tumors and are therefore called orbital pseudotumor. Orbital pseudotumor can affect one or both eyes of relatively young patients (less than 50 years old). They are not cancer.
How is pseudotumor diagnosed?
Diagnosis of Pseudotumor Cerebri The tests include: Brain imaging such as MRI or CT scans. A lumbar puncture (spinal tap) to confirm the elevated pressure (normal is less than 25 cm) and withdraw a sample of fluid from around the spine for testing to exclude infectious and inflammatory causes of raised pressure.
What is inflammatory pseudotumor?
What causes inflammatory pseudotumor?
Some causes are trauma and surgical inflammation, immune-autoimmune condition, and low-grade fibrosarcoma with inflammatory cells [5–7].
What causes a pseudotumor?
What is orbital inflammatory syndrome?
Inflammatory orbital disease is a benign space-occupying inflammation involving orbital tissues. Inflammatory orbital pseudotumor can affect any or all structures within the orbit. The inflammatory response can be nonspecific, granulomatous, or vasculitic or due to reactive lymphoid hyperplasia.
What is pseudo inflammation?
INTRODUCTION. Inflammatory pseudotumors (IPTs) are rare, well-circumscribed, unencapsulated, quasi-neoplastic tumors of unregulated growth of inflammatory cells, first recognized by Umiker and Iverson.
What is orbital inflammatory disease?
Orbital inflammatory disease (OID) represents a collection of inflammatory conditions affecting the orbit. OID is a diagnosis of exclusion, with the differential diagnosis including infection, systemic inflammatory conditions, and neoplasms, among other conditions.
How is pseudotumor cerebri diagnosed?
What does intracranial hypertension look like on CT scan?
CT scan findings may be normal or may show slit-like ventricles in patients with benign intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri). CT scanning is usually needed to exclude other causes of increased intracranial pressure, such as tumors.
Would a CT scan show IIH?
There are a few CT signs like empty sella sign which are suggestive of IIH. In our study, 68% of the IIH group had complete or partially empty sella. The incidence of empty sella in cases of IIH varies widely (10-94%), probably related to discrepancies in definition 26.
Will a CT show increased intracranial pressure?
CT signs of elevated intracranial pressure It is important to recognize that CT is an imperfect surrogate for elevated intracranial pressure, which may exist in the absence of radiographic signs. However, when CT findings point to elevation of ICP, the condition should be strongly suspected.
Can you see pseudotumor cerebri in CT scan?
Diagnosis of Pseudotumor Cerebri A physical exam and a few tests can help identify pseudotumor cerebri and rule out other causes for pressure inside the skull. The tests include: Brain imaging such as MRI or CT scans.
What is orbital pseudotumor?
Orbital pseudotumor is a benign intraorbital process confined to the orbit but extra orbital involvement can occur. It is among the 3 rd most common orbital diseases along with thyroid orbitopathy and lymphoproliferative disorder and accounts for 5-10% of orbital processes.
What is the difference between lymphoid tumors and orbital pseudotumors?
Conclusion: More patients with lymphoid tumors may have palpable mass compared to patients with orbital pseudotumor whereas more patients with orbital pseudotumor may have swollen eyelid, conjunctival congestion, pain, retinal folds or hemorrhage and optic nerve atrophy than patients with lymphoid tumors.
What is the histopathology of sclerosing orbital pseudotumor in cats?
Histopathology of the affected orbital tissues in cats shows extensive fibrosis and encapsulation of normal tissues without characteristics of neoplasia. Clinical findings and histopathology of globes and orbital tissues in cats share many similarities to sclerosing orbital pseudotumor in humans.
Can you see Orbital pseudotumors on MRI?
Imaging features of patients with orbital pseudotumors have been studied by MRI using frequency-selective fat saturation and Gd-DTPA.32Open biopsy is recommended for cases suspicious for an orbital malignancy or when a poor or equivocal response to corticosteroids is seen (Fig 3).