What is removed in a subcutaneous mastectomy?
Subcutaneous mastectomy involves the removal of the entire breast with the exception of the nipple and areola. Simple mastectomy involves removal of the entire breast, including the nipple and areola, while leaving the axillary or central lymph nodes (those in the armpit and under the arm) intact.
What tissue is left after mastectomy?
Conclusions: After a mastectomy, there is a high probability of residual breast tissue. This tissue is predominantly located in the middle circle of the superficial dissection plane and in the lower outer quadrant.
Where does the skin come from for breast reconstruction?
IGAP flap: Tissue comes from the buttocks and contains only skin, blood vessels, and fat. PAP flap: Tissue, without muscle, that comes from the upper inner thigh. SGAP flap: Tissue comes from the buttocks as in an IGAP flap, but includes a different set of blood vessels and contains only skin, blood vessels, and fat.
Where is the incision made for a mastectomy?
A mastectomy is usually performed under general anesthesia, so you’re not aware during the surgery. Your surgeon starts by making an elliptical incision around your breast. The breast tissue is removed and, depending on your procedure, other parts of the breast also may be removed.
What structures are removed in a radical mastectomy?
Radical mastectomy. The whole breast, all of the lymph nodes under the arm, and the chest wall muscles under the breast are removed. For many years, radical mastectomy was the type of breast cancer surgery used most often, but it is rarely used now.
What structures are removed in modified radical mastectomy?
A modified radical mastectomy (right) removes the entire breast — including the breast tissue, skin, areola and nipple — and most of the underarm (axillary) lymph nodes.
What happens to breast tissue after mastectomy?
The skin may have been thinned too much when tissue was removed during the mastectomy. When there isn’t enough blood flow to the skin, portions of the skin on one or both breasts can wither and scab. This breakdown of tissue is called “necrosis.”
How much breast tissue remains after mastectomy?
The amount of breast tissue left may also be affected by the surgical technique. Studies of skin-sparing mastectomy revealed that 5-60% of cases have residual breast tissue on the skin flaps [7,8,9].
How is a skin-sparing mastectomy done?
How Is a Skin-Sparing Mastectomy Done? Your surgeon will remove your nipple and areola, as well as your biopsy scar. Through the small opening, they will remove your breast tissue. Your surgeon will preserve as much breast skin as possible.
How much tissue is removed in a mastectomy?
Figure 5.2. The surgeon removes the entire breast and the lining of the chest muscle, but no other tissue. For some women, much of the skin of the breast may be left intact for breast reconstruction (called a skin-sparing mastectomy).
Which incision has a more cosmetic outcome for mastectomy patients?
Mastectomies and reconstructions performed through hidden incisions yield the most aesthetic results. Vertical scars are favorable to transverse scars.
Which structure is not removed in radical mastectomy?
Background. A modified radical mastectomy is a procedure in which the entire breast is removed, including the skin, areola, nipple, and most axillary lymph nodes, but the pectoralis major muscle is spared.
What is the difference between radical and modified radical mastectomy?
Both radical and modified radical mastectomy include removing the entire breast. During a modified radical mastectomy, the surgeon removes some underarm lymph nodes. The key difference is that in a radical mastectomy, the surgeon removes all the underarm lymph nodes plus the entire chest muscle.
Is all breast tissue removed in a mastectomy?
Mastectomy is breast cancer surgery that removes the entire breast. A mastectomy might be done: When a woman cannot be treated with breast-conserving surgery (lumpectomy), which saves most of the breast. If a woman chooses mastectomy over breast-conserving surgery for personal reasons.
What happens to nipples after mastectomy?
When treating breast cancer with a mastectomy, the nipple is typically removed along with the rest of the breast. (Some women might be able to have a nipple-sparing mastectomy, where the nipple is left in place. This is discussed in more detail on our page about mastectomy.)
What are the different types of breast reconstruction after mastectomy?
There are two main types of breast reconstruction surgery after mastectomies.
- Flap reconstruction. In flap reconstruction, your surgeon takes tissue from your own body (autologous tissue) and uses it to form a breast.
- Implant reconstruction.
- Oncoplastic reconstruction after lumpectomy.
What muscles are cut during a mastectomy?
2.2. Radical mastectomy involves the removal of all breast tissue, overlying skin, and both pectoralis muscles, together with complete en bloc removal of the axillary lymph nodes. Skin was removed because the disease often involved the skin; in fact, the skin was often ulcerated on presentation [2, 4].
What is Stewart incision?
The Stewart incision (left) involves a horizontal ellipse that encompasses the nipple-areolar complex and adequate skin to allow a flat closure. The modified Stewart incision is angled toward the ipsilateral axilla.
What is the difference between a simple and radical mastectomy?
A simple mastectomy (left) removes the breast tissue, nipple, areola and skin but not all the lymph nodes. A modified radical mastectomy (right) removes the entire breast — including the breast tissue, skin, areola and nipple — and most of the underarm (axillary) lymph nodes.